The place where the temple stands has belonged to the monastery courtyards since the 18th century: first, to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery (now Lavra), then to the Pskov Bishop's House. In 1875, the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra acquired the compound. At first, the temple on the Lavra Compound was small, with difficulty accommodating worshipers. In the years 1894-1900, the Kiev Pechersk Compound was rebuilt - with the church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which has survived to this day.

The creation of the project and the construction of the temple was led by the outstanding architect Vasily Antonovich Kosyakov (author of the Naval Cathedral in Kronstadt, the Church of the Mother of God on the Bolshoi Prospect, etc.). A beautiful, spacious temple has found numerous parishioners.

The events of 1917 destroyed the usual way of life. Since 1919, the gradual eviction of monks from cells begins under the pretext of "densification" of housing and providing it to those in need. On the night of August 23, 1930, the first arrest of the Compound Brotherhood took place. The arrested monks were accused of "systematically detaining a small change of silver coin, thereby undermining monetary circulation in the USSR." All were convicted and sent to northern concentration camps.

However, until the end of 1933 divine services continued, there was a parish of the Assumption Church, consisting of faithful parishioners. But soon they were also arrested. Among the arrested parishioners was the singing church Mikhail Vasilievich Gundyaev, father of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill.

In 1934, the temple was closed and turned into a warehouse. In 1956, the first indoor ice rink in Leningrad began to be built in the church building. Here began the world-famous Leningrad school of figure skating.

In 1991, the former Kiev-Pechersk Compound became the courtyard of the Vvedensky stavropegic male monastery Optina Pustyn. The restoration of the temple and the entire courtyard complex, which continues to this day, has begun.

On September 15, 2013, the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God was consecrated by the Great Rite, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill.

Cancer with a canopy and a particle of relics of St. Ambrose, an elder of Optina (XIX), has a reliquary of the Cathedral of the Rev. Elders of Optina, as well as a reliquary of the Kiev Pechersk Saints, which contains particles of the relics of 82 ascetics, including such venerable reverends: Moses Ugrin (XI), Elijah Muromets (XII), Nestor the Chronicler (XI-XII), Agapitos the doctor of the paramount (XI-XII), John the Long-suffering (XII), Isaiah the Wonderworker (XII century) and others.

In the temple there is the image of the Mother of God “The Naughty”, written on Mount Athos in the Dohiar Monastery. The image is an exact list with the miraculous icon of the ancient Athos monastery.

In the altar of the temple is stored the Holy Cross with Particles of the Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, Holy Golgotha, Holy Sepulcher and with particles of relics of various saints: prop. John the Baptist, ap. St. Andrew the Apostle and Ap. Jacob Zebedeev (I), right. Lazarus of the Four-Day (I), schmchch. Ignatius the God-bearer and Dionysius the Areopagite (II), St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (III-IV), vmch. Panteleimon (III-IV), Rev. John of Damascus (VII-VIII) and other saints.