A wooden temple was built on the site of the chapel in 1722. September 2, 1722 the solemn consecration of the temple in the name of the holy great martyr and healer Panteleimon took place. Emperor Peter I conceived this church as a temple-monument to the Russian fleet, which had won two magnificent naval victories at that time - at Gangut on July 27, 1714 and at Grengam on July 27, 1720.

The name of the church came from the fact that both of these victories were won on the day of St. Panteleimon. The street starting at the church was also called Panteleimonovskaya (now Pestel Street). In 1734, during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, a new stone church was laid next to the wooden church.

Construction work under the leadership of N. Schumacher ended in 1739. Often authorship is attributed to Ivan Korobov, since he introduced quite a lot of amendments to Schumacher's initial draft. The solemn consecration of the new temple took place on July 27, 1739.

On June 15, 1935, the Panteleimon Church was closed, and the building itself began to be used as a grain warehouse, then as a textile workshop. In the 50s of the 20th century, memorial plaques were restored. In 1981, the Panteleimon Church building housed a branch of the Museum of the History of Leningrad Gangut Glory.

Finally, in 1994, the building was transferred to the St. Petersburg Diocese, restoration of church premises was carried out. The architecture of the church is characteristic of the first half of the 18th century: pilasters of the Doric order on the facades, a figured arched pediment above the location of the altar, a high faceted dome on an octagonal drum and a bell tower with a spire.