The temple history began in the 1890s, when several thousand Catholics who lived in the eastern part of the city, across the Neva, petitioned for construction of a church. The construction started only in 1907 and finished at the beginning of 1918. This was caused by the fact that the works were performed at personal expense of the parishioners and frozen several times. In order to reduce the cost, the building, in its final version, was deprived of its bell towers, which gave it so unusual appearance of a neo-Gothic church without towers.

In 1936, there was a severe fire in the church, and it was closed a year later. After that, the building was used for economic needs of a number of industrial plants. It was seriously rebuilt for this purpose. Construction of internal partitions to divide the building into four floors was especially destructive for general condition and interior decoration of the church.

In 1993, thanks to efforts of the German Catholic priest Hartmut Kania, transfer of the church back to the parish was initiated. Since 2011, a series of restoration activities took place in the building. The partitions installed during the Soviet era were demolished, stained glass lancet windows and many more items were restored. In 2019, the church was closed for restoration, which continues as of 2023.